Journal: Engineering Heritage Journal (GWK)

INTEGRATING AQUACULTURE AND HYDROPONICS: A REVIEW OF AQUAPONICS SYSTEMS AND THEIR SUSTAINABILITY

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AEROMAGNETIC STUDY OF KALTUNGO-173, GUYOK-174, LAU-194 AND DONG-195 IN UPPER BENUE TROUGH NIGERIA FOR MINERALIZATION POTENTIALS

ABSTRACT

AEROMAGNETIC STUDY OF KALTUNGO-173, GUYOK-174, LAU-194 AND DONG-195 IN UPPER BENUE TROUGH NIGERIA FOR MINERALIZATION POTENTIALS

Journal: Engineering Heritage Journal (GWK)
Author: Abdullateef A. Haruna, Olatunji S. Ayanninuola, Charles O. Ofoegbu, Etim D. Uko

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/gwk.02.2024.62.70

This study focuses on the exploration of mineralization potentials in Kaltungo-173, Guyok-174, Lau-194 and Dong-195 in the Upper Benue Trough, Nigeria, using high-resolution aeromagnetic data obtained at an altitude of 100m along a flight line spacing of 500m oriented in NW-SE and a tie line spacing of 2000m. The maps generated are on a scale of 1:100,000 and half-degree sheets contoured mostly at 10nT intervals. The data was then processed and analyzed using Geosoft Oasis Montaj software to identify areas of high magnetic anomalies. The results show the structural trends of rocks in the area are in the E-W, NE-SW, and N-S respectively which represent the various episodes of deformation from the youngest to the oldest, several positive signals from several places in the analytical signal map which is an indication of an intense igneous activity occurring as a near surface intrusion or very shallow basement from Basement outcrop in the south region. Pwana, Bajama, Pupule, Gorra, Bille, Jambutu, Didngo, Lau, and Tau, and the basement occurrences as intrusion within the sedimentary section covering the north, north-eastern, north-western in regions such as Kwya, Kashere, Lamumgu, Polapindi, Kaltungo Tula Wange, Kulani, Dunma Guyuk and Sabon Layi Jessu in most part of the study area. Sediment thickness between -2200m to -83m was established over the area. The findings show that this area has a high potential for mineralization, making it a prime location for future mining or extraction operations. This information can be used by researchers and companies looking to invest in the mineral resources of Nigeria. The abundance of intrusive bodies in the study area renders this part of the Northern Benue trough where our study area falls in within the Nigerian sedimentary basins unattractive for petroleum exploration but the area possesses high potential for large accumulation of base metal mineralization.
Pages 62-70
Year 2024
Issue 2
Volume 8

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INTEGRATING AQUACULTURE AND HYDROPONICS: A REVIEW OF AQUAPONICS SYSTEMS AND THEIR SUSTAINABILITY

ABSTRACT

INTEGRATING AQUACULTURE AND HYDROPONICS: A REVIEW OF AQUAPONICS SYSTEMS AND THEIR SUSTAINABILITY

Journal: Engineering Heritage Journal (GWK)
Author: Puspa RC* and Janak Singh Rawal

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/gwk.02.2024.53.61

Integrating hydroponics and aquaculture into a single system, aquaponics can be an effective strategy that fight against regional and global issues like food scarcity, soil erosion, climate change, and population growth. This review focuses on how aquaponics can enhance food production and resource utilization based on the subject’s theoretical principles, the type of systems, and sustainability aspects. Hydroponics or aquaculture, which is the production of plants without soil and the farming of water animals respectively are examined in respect of their enhancing benefits in aquaponic systems. The benefits and drawbacks of each important system design are analyzed: Nutrient film technique (NFT), deep-water culture (DWC), and media-based grow beds (MGB). Thus, though NFT systems provided the lowest nitrate removal efficiency and overall lettuce yields, these systems were preferred by the users because of their cheap and rather simplistic construction. At the same time, MGB systems offered stability and were adequate for relatively small-scale projects, but required constant care and attention. Aquaponics Systems required large structures, but were extremely water conserving and low-profile. Each system has been estimated in terms of performance, easy to use, and maintenance. Nitrifying bacteria, plants, and fish share mutual interactions that help in water purifying the nutrient cycling process. Nutrients are used by plants to grow, which cleans the water. The purified water is immediately cycled again into the fish tank, ensuring that the scientific basis of aquaponics is followed to in all systems. This review also looks at the economic feasibility of aquaponics and limitation before concluding that it is a sustainable means of carrying out agriculture and it highlights the opportunity of using aquaponics for sustainable food production and environment preservation.
Pages 53-61
Year 2024
Issue 2
Volume 8

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INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF FILTER AIDS

ABSTRACT

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF FILTER AIDS

Journal: Engineering Heritage Journal (GWK)
Author: Vasudeo Zambare

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/gwk.02.2024.41.44

Filter aids is a salicaceous inert material for separation of liquid and particulate matters. In general filter aids are obtained from mining where diatomaceous earth and perlite are dominantly used as filter aids for industrial applications. The filter aid has important properties of its rigidness, chemically inertness, insoluble, porous, high permeability, and remove finest particles at high rate. Due to its good stability, less impurities, it is on high demand for separation of high purity products of food, beverages and pharmaceutical industries.
Pages 41-44
Year 2024
Issue 2
Volume 8

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SIMULATION-DRIVEN STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCING WATER TREATMENT PROCESSES IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING: ADDRESSING ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES

ABSTRACT

INFLUENCE OF THE GARNET CONCENTRATION OF METAMORPHIC ROCKS ON THE FORMATION OF LATERITIC MATERIALS AND THE VARIATION GEOTECHNICAL PARAMETERS IN ROAD BUILDING: CENTER REGION OF CAMEROON

Journal: Engineering Heritage Journal (GWK)
Author: Alain Justin Menyea*, Michel Mbessab, Paul Bilonga

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/gwk.01.2024.42.49

This study shows the influence of garnet’s content (Cg) of metamorphic rocks, on the formation of lateritic materials and their geotechnical road parameters according to the standard test methods of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Less than Cg (10 percent) involves the formation of fewer nodules, small sizes with a percentage of fines (˂ 80 μm) as high as 61.9 percent. 20 to 25 % of Cg induced the formation of more and larger nodules and low fines (17.0 to 5.9 percent) in lateritic gravel (LG). These values of fines (%fines) are opposed to the optimum dry density values of compaction γdopm (2.000, 2.430 and 2.460) at the modified Proctor optimum and bearing capacity CBR to 95 % (36, 60 and 68 %) of GL. Thus, GL can be used gradually in sub-base for T2, T3, T4 traffic and base for T1, T2 traffic. The Multiple Determination Coefficients (MCD) are 0.966 with R2 = 0.933 for γdopm, 0.743 with R2 = 0.552 for ω (%) and 0.961 with R2 = 0.924 for CBR according to Cg and %fines. Thus, Cg influences the compaction parameters and %fines of lateritic materials derived from garnet metamorphic rocks. The higher Cg of the parent rock, the best of geotechnical properties of GL derived..
Pages 42-49
Year 2024
Issue 1
Volume 8

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EVALUATING CAUSES OF ROAD FAILURE ALONG KM 5, ADO-IKERE-EKITI ROAD, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA

ABSTRACT

EVALUATING CAUSES OF ROAD FAILURE ALONG KM 5, ADO-IKERE-EKITI ROAD, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA

Journal: Engineering Heritage Journal (GWK)
Author: Ajayi, C. A. , Abdu-Raheem, Y. A., Talabi, A. O., Ilugbo S.O.

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/gwk.02.2024.34.40

A geophysical study of the failed portion of the Ado-Ikere-Ekiti road along Km5 was conducted to investigate the causes of its failure and proffer appropriate solutions to stop the failure. Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES), 2D Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), and Electromagnetic (EM) impact survey using Schlumberger, Dipole-Dipole, and Gradient arrays respectively were employed for the study. VES data were interpreted quantitatively by partial curve matching and computer-assisted forward modeling using the IPI2Win(R) software. The geo-electric parameters obtained from the VES interpretation were used to generate a geo-electric section beneath the traverse. The 2-D subsurface resistivity structures of the failed portion of the road were obtained by processing and interpreting the data obtained from the ERT quantitatively employing the inverse modeling with DIPRO for Windows software. The EM survey electromagnetic fields were transmitted into the ground at varying frequencies to generate an output of frequency effect in percentage which is interpreted as apparent resistivity. The 1D EM geo-section generated by the instrument was used to delineate different formations like clayey/weathered, partly weathered, fractured basement, and fresh basement. The VES soundings produced different geo-electric curve types including the H, K, HA, HK, and KHA types. The geo-electric section revealed four subsurface geo-electric layers including the topsoil, weathered zone, fresh basement, and fractured basement. The topsoil resistivity values ranged from 249-685 ohms-m with a thickness range of 0.6 – 12.8 m. The topsoil is made up of lateritic-sandy soil. The second layer is the weathered zone with resistivity values ranging from 52 – 230 ohms-m and thickness from 0.7- 31.2 m. The third layer is the fresh basement with resistivity values ranging from 532-2866 ohms-m. The fourth layer constitutes the fractured zone of the study area with resistivity values of 269 – 422 ohms-m. The dipole-dipole arrangement revealed a hollow structure that suggested the possibility of a buried stream channel across the study area in an East-West direction. The EM survey confirmed the findings of the electrical resistivity surveys revealing highly weathered zones and the occurrence of deep fractured bedrock even at greater depth. It further confirmed the possibility of the buried river channel in the area. This study showed the possible causes of road failure to be the presence of a thin competent lateritic layer underlain by the thick weathered zone, the presence of fractured zones beneath the weathered zone, and lack of proper drainage at the road embankment. Suggested solutions to this problem include employing stabilization methods (compaction, grouting, or chemical stabilization) for the weathered zones, rock bolting, and grouting for the fractures and putting up drainage systems at the road embankments.
Pages 34-40
Year 2024
Issue 2
Volume 8

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INFLUENCE OF THE GARNET CONCENTRATION OF METAMORPHIC ROCKS ON THE FORMATION OF LATERITIC MATERIALS AND THE VARIATION GEOTECHNICAL PARAMETERS IN ROAD BUILDING: CENTER REGION OF CAMEROON

ABSTRACT

INFLUENCE OF THE GARNET CONCENTRATION OF METAMORPHIC ROCKS ON THE FORMATION OF LATERITIC MATERIALS AND THE VARIATION GEOTECHNICAL PARAMETERS IN ROAD BUILDING: CENTER REGION OF CAMEROON

Journal: Engineering Heritage Journal (GWK)
Author: Alain Justin Menye, Michel Mbessa, Paul Bilong

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/gwk.01.2024.26.33

This study shows the influence of garnet’s content (Cg) of metamorphic rocks on the formation of lateritic materials and their geotechnical road parameters according to the standard test methods of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Less than Cg (10 percent) involves the formation of fewer nodules, small sizes with a percentage of fines (˂ 80 μm) as high as 61.9 percent. 20 to 25 % of Cg induced the formation of more and larger nodules and low fines (17.0 to 5.9 percent) in lateritic gravel (LG). These values of fines (%fines) are opposed to the optimum dry density values of compaction γdopm (2.000, 2.430 and 2.460) at the modified Proctor optimum and bearing capacity CBR to 95 % (36, 60 and 68 %) of GL. Thus, GL can be used gradually in sub-base for T2, T3, T4 traffic and base for T1, T2 traffic. The Multiple Determination Coefficients (MCD) are 0.966 with R2 = 0.933 for γdopm, 0.743 with R2 = 0.552 for ω (%) and 0.961 with R2 = 0.924 for CBR according to Cg and %fines. Thus, Cg influences the compaction parameters and %fines of lateritic materials derived from garnet metamorphic rocks. The higher Cg of the parent rock, the best of geotechnical properties of GL derived.
Pages 26-33
Year 2024
Issue 1
Volume 8

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APPLICABILITY OF 3D LASER SCANNING TECHNOLOGY IN MINING SUBSIDENCE MONITORING

ABSTRACT

APPLICABILITY OF 3D LASER SCANNING TECHNOLOGY IN MINING SUBSIDENCE MONITORING

Journal: Engineering Heritage Journal (GWK)
Author: Lihui Wang, Rongfei Yang, Yong Lei, Chengcheng Fan, Jibo Liu, Chuanjian Ren

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/gwk.01.2024.01.06

3D laser scanning technology has been applied in mining subsidence monitoring to some extents. Based on the existing observation conditions in the experimental area, the laser point cloud data was collected; Then the methods of point cloud data denoising, registration, filtering and subsidence basin extraction were discussed. Finally, the processing results were analyzed and tested. The results show that: (1) The orientation method has better applicability in mining subsidence monitoring based on TLS, and can avoid the error accumulation caused by the registration method; (2) The error rate of the Irregular Triangulation filtering method with additional constraints on the selection of ground points is 4.22%, which is better than the fitting method; (3) The subsidence basin obtained by TLS has high accuracy, and the mean square error of the difference between TLS and surface subsidence measured by leveling is 3.3 cm.
Pages 01-06
Year 2024
Issue 1
Volume 8

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SOLAR ENERGY ADAPTATION AND EFFICIENCY ACROSS DIVERSE NIGERIAN AND GLOBAL CLIMATES: A REVIEW OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT

ABSTRACT

SOLAR ENERGY ADAPTATION AND EFFICIENCY ACROSS DIVERSE NIGERIAN AND GLOBAL CLIMATES: A REVIEW OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT

Journal: Engineering Heritage Journal (GWK)
Author: Gabriel Gbenga Ojo, Oluwaseun Augustine Lottu, Tina Chinyere Ndiwe, Uchenna Izuka, Nwakamma Ninduwezuor-Ehiobu

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/gwk.01.2023.99.107

Solar energy stands as a transformative force in addressing the world’s energy needs while mitigating the effects of climate change. This comprehensive review paper explores solar energy adaptation and efficiency across diverse climates, focusing on Nigeria, a nation grappling with energy access disparities and environmental challenges. The paper surveys technological advancements, climate-specific considerations, policy and regulation, environmental and economic impacts, challenges, and future directions in solar energy. Real-world case studies from rural Nigeria to Canada illustrate the versatility of solar technologies, while policy frameworks and regulatory approaches are analyzed to provide insights into effective solar energy promotion. The paper underscores the interconnected nature of environmental and economic benefits. It emphasizes the importance of tailored solutions and community engagement. Technological innovation, policy alignment, and capacity building address challenges such as intermittency, climate-related factors, and upfront costs. Future directions emphasize technological innovation, policy alignment, energy access, capacity building, international collaboration, public awareness, and monitoring and evaluation. As Nigeria and the world navigate a sustainable and solar-powered future, the sun emerges as a boundless energy source, illuminating homes, powering industries, and fueling economic growth while preserving the environment for future generations.
Pages 99-107
Year 2023
Issue 1
Volume 7

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GREEN DRILLING STRATEGIES: THE RISE OF TECHNICAL EXPERTISE AND ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP

ABSTRACT

GREEN DRILLING STRATEGIES: THE RISE OF TECHNICAL EXPERTISE AND ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP

Journal: Engineering Heritage Journal (GWK)
Author: Joy Otibhor Olurin, Kelechi Anthony Ofonagoro, Joachim Osheyor Gidiagba, Adeyinka Alex Banso, Olawe Alaba Tula, Sodrudeen Abo lore Ayodeji

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/gwk.02.2023.191.199

In recent years, the oil sector has witnessed a paradigm shift towards environmental stewardship, with green drilling strategies emerging at the forefront. This paper seeks to delineate the rise of technical expertise and the adoption of environmentally friendly drilling strategies in the oil sector. The study is grounded on a comprehensive literature survey that explores the theoretical foundations of green drilling and environmental stewardship, coupled with an analysis of practical implementations and case studies. The methodology adopted in this research encompasses a meticulous literature search strategy, involving the selection of pertinent databases, formulation of keywords, and determination of search criteria. This approach facilitated the identification of inclusive and exclusive criteria for green drilling literature, paving the way for a robust data extraction and synthesis process. The study aims to evaluate the environmental impact of green drilling strategies, identify and analyze the existing challenges and opportunities, and delineate the scope of future trends and developments in this domain. Findings from the study reveal that green drilling strategies, underpinned by advanced technical expertise, have significantly mitigated the environmental footprint of oil extraction activities. These strategies have fostered a new era of environmental stewardship, characterized by reduced greenhouse gas emissions, minimized waste generation, and the conservation of natural habitats. Moreover, the study unveils a promising future outlook, where continuous innovations in green drilling technologies are anticipated to further enhance environmental sustainability. In conclusion, the paper offers strategic recommendations for the oil sector to foster the adoption of green drilling strategies. It advocates for collaborative efforts among stakeholders, investment in research and development, and the formulation of policies that promote environmental conservation. The study posits that integrating green drilling strategies is vital for environmental preservation and instrumental in sustaining the oil sector’s viability in the long run.
Pages 191-199
Year 2023
Issue 2
Volume 7

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CONCENTRATION LEVELS OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROFILES AND QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER: A CASE STUDY OF SOUTHERN IJAW, BAYELSA STATE, SOUTHERN NIGERIA

ABSTRACT

CONCENTRATION LEVELS OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROFILES AND QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER: A CASE STUDY OF SOUTHERN IJAW, BAYELSA STATE, SOUTHERN NIGERIA

Journal: Engineering Heritage Journal (GWK)
Author: Nwankwoala, H.O, Peterside, A.N, Hart, A.I

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/gwk.01.2023.60.71

This study examined the concentration levels of physico-chemical profiles of groundwater quality of communities in Southern Ijaw Local Government Area of Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The seasonal variation of groundwater quality were evaluated. Fifteen (15) communities within the LGA were selected and groundwater from hand-dug well (HDW-15samples) and borehole (BH-15samples) was sourced during the wet season (July) and dry season (March) and analyzed for seasonal variations. The difference in the mean of the parameters investigated during the dry and wet season revealed the difference in concentration level as influenced by the season attributes. The HDW showed a very strong correlation in wet and dry season physicochemical properties as well as no significant difference in the physicochemical properties of groundwater at both seasons. Also, the results of borehole water sample showed a very strong correlation in wet and dry season physic-chemical properties with no significant difference in the physicochemical properties of water at both seasons. There are similarities in various natural and anthropogenic activities influencing the concentrations during both wet and dry seasons. The mean values of parameters such as pH, TDS, TSS, Bicarbonate, Cl, SO34, NO2, Ca, Mg, K and P are within the permissible limit of WHO and NSDWQ during both seasons except TC.
Pages 60-71
Year 2023
Issue 1
Volume 7

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