Journal: Engineering Heritage Journal (GWK)

This study examined the concentration levels of physico-chemical profiles of groundwater quality of communities in Southern Ijaw Local Government Area of Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The seasonal variation of groundwater quality were evaluated. Fifteen (15) communities within the LGA were selected and groundwater from hand-dug well (HDW-15samples) and borehole (BH-15samples) was sourced during the wet season (July) and dry season (March) and analyzed for seasonal variations. The difference in the mean of the parameters investigated during the dry and wet season revealed the difference in concentration level as influenced by the season attributes. The HDW showed a very strong correlation in wet and dry season physicochemical properties as well as no significant difference in the physicochemical properties of groundwater at both seasons. Also, the results of borehole water sample showed a very strong correlation in wet and dry season physic-chemical properties with no significant difference in the physicochemical properties of water at both seasons. There are similarities in various natural and anthropogenic activities influencing the concentrations during both wet and dry seasons. The mean values of parameters such as pH, TDS, TSS, Bicarbonate, Cl, SO34, NO2, Ca, Mg, K and P are within the permissible limit of WHO and NSDWQ during both seasons except TC.

Accurate pore pressure prediction is pivotal in drilling operations, impacting safety, well design, and cost-effectiveness. This research paper aims to assess various pore pressure prediction methods, particularly in transition zones. It introduces a novel descriptive model for quick and reliable pore pressure estimation when essential data parameters are unavailable. The study underscores the importance of selecting appropriate prediction methods based on geological conditions. The research findings reveal that Eaton’s correlation utilizing transit compressive wave velocity offers superior pore pressure prediction when drilling through transition zones. Additionally, the developed descriptive model is a valuable tool for quick look pore pressure estimation, ensuring operational efficiency when data parameters for traditional methods like Eaton’s are lacking. However, a critical caveat emerges as the model’s suitability for pore pressure prediction in fractured or shaled-out reservoirs is questioned, necessitating caution in its application in such geological settings. This paper recommends the continued use of Eaton’s method as a reliable pore pressure prediction tool and advocates for the adoption of the proposed descriptive model in scenarios where time constraints or data limitations are prevalent. By amalgamating these approaches, drilling operations can achieve enhanced accuracy and efficiency in pore pressure assessment, ultimately contributing to safer and more cost-effective well-drilling processes.

Efficiency and resilience are critical aspects of maintenance strategies in the dynamic oil and gas industry. This paper provides a comprehensive review of maintenance approaches in conventional and unconventional production, highlighting the delicate balance required between efficient operations and the ability to withstand disruptions. Through case studies, emerging technologies, and future trends, the paper explores strategies to optimize production processes while ensuring robustness against challenges. By offering insights into integrated maintenance solutions, this review contributes to informed decision-making and the advancement of sustainable practices in oil and gas production.

This comprehensive study embarked on a critical journey to scrutinize and evaluate the effectiveness of corporate environmental initiatives implemented in recent years, particularly focusing on the oil sector. Utilizing a meticulous literature review strategy, the research analyzed various case studies and scholarly contributions to delineate the current state of environmental advocacy in the corporate sector and identify potential avenues for future research. The methodology encompassed a systematic data extraction and analysis approach, ensuring relevant and reliable data assimilation. The findings underscored a significant shift in the corporate sector towards fostering environmental sustainability through various initiatives spanning different industries. Environmental advocacy has emerged as a potent force urging the industry to adopt more sustainable and ethical practices, particularly in the oil sector. The study revealed a growing awareness and commitment to fostering a sustainable and environmentally responsible corporate sector, characterized by green innovation, sustainable practices, and corporate social responsibility. Based on the analysis, the study recommends developing and implementing robust regulatory frameworks to mandate adherence to sustainable practices, promoting green innovation, and fostering collaborative efforts among various stakeholders. These strategies are envisaged to propel the corporate sector as a significant player in global environmental conservation efforts. Looking ahead, the study identifies a promising trajectory for environmental advocacy, characterized by collaborative efforts, regulatory frameworks, and green innovation, setting a pathway towards a sustainable and environmentally responsible corporate sector..

The evolution of oilfield testing has been marked by significant technological advancements, reshaping the landscape of the energy sector. This review delves into the transformative journey, emphasizing the criticality of integrating sustainable practices and technologies. Historically, the industry relied heavily on conventional methods, often associated with substantial environmental repercussions. However, the contemporary era, characterized by a global push for sustainability, has witnessed a shift. Advanced sensors, real-time analytics, and state-of-the-art software have revolutionized oilfield testing, enhancing efficiency while minimizing ecological footprints. As the narrative unfolds, it underscores the sector’s challenges, from technical and economic barriers to intricate social dynamics like workforce adaptation and stakeholder expectations. Yet, amidst these challenges lie opportunities. Collaborative efforts with environmental agencies, robust investments in research and development, and a focus on workforce training emerge as pivotal strategies. The review culminates with a forward-looking perspective, highlighting the potential benefits of sustainable practices on the environment, economy, and society, and issues a clarion call for unwavering commitment to innovation and sustainable methodologies in the oil and gas domain.

The study conducted evaluated potential of extracts of selected plant species and chemicals on growth of P. hysterophorus. Since the impact of parthenium weed has become to the status of being an extensive economic and social problems of Ethiopian farmers. The experiment identified herbicidal potential of Aregemon mexicana leaf, stem and root extracts and 2, 4-D on seed germination and early seedling growths of parthenium at under field pot condition. Aqueous extracts of 6, 8 and 10 % (w/v), obtained from dry leaves, stem root of Aregemon mexicana plants and 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 % of 2, 4-D herbicide. The overall germination, shoot and root growth means of A. mexicana extract and 2, 4-D, herbicidal treatments were significant (p<0.0001). Germination hinder by 2, 4-D and A. mexicana stem extracts, which inhibited the germination by (74.4 and 69.3 %) respectively from the control (82.2 %) and the lowest was A. mexicana root extract (54.8 %) in invitro. In the pot experiment the overall growth parameter means of plant extract and herbicidal treatments were significantly lower than the distilled water treated plants. A. mexicana stem resulted 100 % mortality at active growth stage of the parthenium plant, and 2, 4- D also showed best suppressed growth effects. A. mexicana leaf and root gave remarkable seed suppression of (93-94%) at 10 % concentration. Then we conclude that species like A. Mexicana and chemicals like 2, 4-D and are good candidates for future parthenium management. The Small holder farmers adopted mechanical control measures, while, it is most serious is not tackled by these farmers, integrate with other management options such as competitive plants and chemicals may appear to be satisfactory. However further research is required to progress our understanding of the interference mechanisms between parthenium and these species, on how to integrate with other management options and cost effectiveness of the methods.

Globally, fast-tracked urbanization has led to diversified environmental challenges since the time of the industrial revolution. Among the challenges faced, Urban Heat Island (UHI) is caused by the replacement of natural materials with man-made ones such as concrete, asphalt, and increased anthropogenic heat production, among other factors. This study is on understanding the reasons behind UHI, its effects, and finding out proper strategies for mitigation in the context of Bangladesh. Among many ways, proper interior and exterior vegetation, sufficient wind flow, and appropriate building materials are chosen to be the proper methods to reduce UHI effects in Bangladesh. CFD analysis has been carried out to understand the effect of vegetation, wind flow, and different material to mitigate UHI. An estimation of the effect of temperature reduction in energy efficiency is also done. It is observed that a significant amount of energy can be saved by reducing the cooling load if these suggestions are followed. The study shows that the temperature is decreased up to 3°C with the increasing vegetation on exterior walls and rooftop. By using Wood Plastic Composite (WPC) on the rooftop as a phase change material, temperature is decreased around 4°C. By using all conditions (rooftop, sidewall, interior vegetation & PCM on rooftop) together temperature could be mitigated around 5°C.

This research paper reviews innovative surface protection technologies in the context of oil and gas facilities. The oil and gas industry faces numerous challenges in maintaining the integrity and longevity of its infrastructure, making surface protection a critical aspect of facility management. Traditional methods have limitations in addressing harsh operating conditions and environmental concerns. This paper explores emerging technologies that offer promising solutions to these challenges. Through an in-depth analysis of various innovative surface protection approaches, including their principles, advantages, and real-world case studies, this study highlights the potential benefits and challenges associated with their implementation. Additionally, the paper compares these cutting-edge technologies with traditional methods, considering performance, cost-effectiveness, and environmental impact. It also examines the regulatory and environmental considerations in adopting these new solutions.

The need to increase food production and match the food security demands under climate change impacts generate the force for developing aquaponic system. An aquaponic system was established at the Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate (CLAC), Egypt, to investigate the effect of tomato plant density (2, 4 and 6 plants / m2) on tomato and fish production as well as the quality of rare water. Nutrient film technique (3 m length) used to produce tomato integrated with aquaculture of tilapia fish. Vegetative growth characteristics and yield parameters of Tomato as well as tilapia yield parameters plus the nutrient contents of rare water were recorded.
The revealed results indicated that increasing the tomato plant density from 2 up to 6 plants / m2 led to a decrease in the No. of leaves, total leaves area and plant height of tomato. The early and total yield of tomato per plant significantly increased by decreasing the plant density from 6 to 4 and 2 plants /m2. On the contrary, the highest total yield per m2 was given by tomato density 6 plants. Tilapia average weight of (g), tilapia total yield (Kg/m3), average daily gain (ADG) and specific growth rate % (SGR) results increased significantly by increasing the plant density of tomato from 2 and 4 up to 6 plants / m2. Increasing the tomato plant density led to decrease significantly NO3, P, K, Ca and Mg (ppm) values of fish rare water content during the season period due to increasing the removal of nutrients for tomato sake. The accumulation of nutrients in rare fish water increased by increasing the growth of fish tilapia. The highest results of NO3, P, K, Ca and Mg were recorded by tomato plant density 2 plants /m2 while 6 plants /m2 had the lowest nutrient contents.
For sustainable food production, the study recommended the plant density of tomato 6 plants /m2. 18 tomato plants in 3 m NFT system length (6 plants/m2) integrated with 150 tilapia fish in 1 m3.

The Penman-Monteith method (P-M) to estimate the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is the most reliable method and recommended by the FAO as the standard to verify other empi- rical methods. However, the Thornthwaite (Th) and Hargreaves-Samani (H-S) models are widely used because they are based on measurements of air temperature, frequently recorded in any meteorological stations. In this study, the daily meteorological parameters of air temperature, relative humidity, wind velocity, were available at six stations (Riyadh), (Ha’il), (Tabuk), (Turayf), (Makkah) and (Jazan). The net radiation was computed using a mathematical model based on a serie of related equations. Therefore, the application of Penman-Monteith became possible to calibrate the Thornthwaite and Hargreaves-Samani models. The local calibration of the both models (Th and H-S) in arid conditions is based on modifying the original coefficients of the named models using the ratio for estimated ET (Th and H-S mpdels) and the reference ETo of (P-M model). In the comparison, the indices of concordance (D), confidence (C), correlation coefficient (r) were analyzed, together with the root mean square error (RMSE) and Nash-Stucliff Efficiency (NSE). So, the ET of H-S model without adjustment were greater than the ETo of P-M during all the months at the total of the studied stations. Contrary, the use of non-adjusted Th ET show a smaller values of the monthly average in a total of the selected stations. After adjustment of the original coefficients of (0.0023) for H-S model and (1.6) for the Th model, we can obtain the new equations of estimating the monthly average of ET fitting better with the P-M Eto model.