Journal: Engineering Heritage Journal (GWK)

ABSTRACT

ENERGY RECOVERY FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE INCINERATION _BENGHAZI LIBYA _CASE STUDY

Journal: Engineering Heritage Journal (GWK)
Author: Monaem Elmnifi , Moneer Alshelmany , Mabroka ALhammaly , Otman Imrayed

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/gwk.01.2018.19.23

Waste-to-Energy (WTE) is a viable option for Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management and a renewable energy source. MSW is a chronic problem in Libya and more specifically in Libya Urban areas. The MSW practices in Libya are simply done by collecting the waste and dumping it in open landfill sites. Libya is considering WTE as a potential renewable energy source that can contribute to electricity demand. This research aims to assess potential contribution of WTE facility to meet electricity demand in the Benghazi city and to provide an alternative solution to landfills. Scenario for WTE utilization was developed: Mass Burn the analyses were completed for Benghazi city; with current total population. The results show that Benghazi has the potential to produce about 19 MW of electricity based on incineration scenario the year 2030. These values are based on theoretical ideals and help in identifying the optimal WTE techniques for each city.

ABSTRACT

APPLICATION OF WATER QUALITY INDEX (WQI) FOR AGRICULTURAL AND IRRIGATIONAL USE AROUND OKPOKO, SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA

Journal: Engineering Heritage Journal (GWK)
Author: Ememu, A.J , Nwankwoala, H.O

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/gwk.01.2018.14.18

This study aims at using the water quality index (WQI) in the assessment of groundwater for agriculture and irrigation purposes. This was possible with the aid of several water quality indices including Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Magnesium Adsorption Ratio (MAR), Sodium Percentage (Na %), Permeability Index (PI), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Kelly’s Ratio (KR) and Potential Salinity (PS). All the quality indicators show that the groundwater sources in the area are excellent for irrigation purposes. In this study, electrical conductivity (EC) ranges from 3.20 to 139.32 mg/L with mean and SD values of 47.32±45.20 mg/L. Based on Richard’s classification scheme, the groundwater sources are of low salinity hazard (< 250 mg/L), hence, excellent for irrigation purposes. The values of SAR in groundwater from the study area range from 0.1 to 0.89, with mean and Standard Deviation (SD) of 0.41±0.28. SAR values less than 3.0 will not threaten vegetation while values above 12.0 is considered sodic and will threaten plant survival by increasing soil swell potential and reducing the permeability of soil. The results of SAR in this study indicates low sodium hazard for all the groundwater sources. Evaluation of water quality for agricultural purposes using SAR, Na %, RSC, PI, SP, and Kelly’s ratio suggests that they are suitable for agricultural purposes. Water Quality Index implies that most of the areas around the area were dominated by the good to excellent quality water for different purposes. In addition, the results of this study will be useful in estimating the major sources of contamination in different areas within the framework of activities intending to improve the quality of water. Water Quality Index (WQI) ultimately helps us to understand the water quality in surrounding areas. Moreover, it will be helpful in monitoring activities and for further water quality management to prevent the pollution.

ABSTRACT

LITERATURE REVIEW FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIKE’S BREACH CHANNEL MECHANISM CAUSED BY EROSION PROCESSES DURING OVERTOPPING FAILURE

Journal: Engineering Heritage Journal (GWK)
Author: Marwan Adil Hassan, Mohd Ashraf Mohd Ismail

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/gwk.02.2017.23.30

The structures of the dam or dike were held long times ago to withstand against the overtopping water preserved in front of the upstream of the dike. It is represented the first hydraulic structures in history and effect on the development of irrigation engineering. Due to their objectives in reserving water, they are exposed to different failures such as overtopping failure, piping failure, sideslope failure and others. During the overtopping failure, an initial breach channel is initiated inside the dike body and extended downstream and upstream slopes of the dike due to several geotechnical parameters. The whole reservoir water is transferred from the upstream to downstream parts of dike as a result of breach failure and thus could affect on lives and properties. The engineering scientist has focused on understanding the mechanism of the breach channel development and tried to conduct a mathematical equation as well as an experimental test to observe overtopping failure. This review paper explains three types of equations; in which empirical equations, parametric equations and numerical software equations also determine the discharge of breach channel of dike. This paper is aimed to review the possible effect of different geotechnics parameters such as soil materials, dike dimensions, and scale factor on the development of erosion pro-cess during the overtopping failure. The literature review shows that the development of breach discharge is dependent mainly on some parameters more than the others. The soil type and soil grain size have played a significant role in decreasing or increasing the erosion process inside the dike.

ABSTRACT

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS ON LATERAL TORSIONAL BUCKLING BEHAVIOUR OF I-BEAM WITH WEB OPENING

Journal: Engineering Heritage Journal (GWK)
Author: Fatimah De’nan, Fadzli Mohamed Nazri, Nor Salwani Hashim

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/gwk.02.2017.19.22

Lateral torsional buckling may occur in an unrestrained beam. A beam is considered to be unrestrained when its compression flange is free to laterally rotate and laterally displace. In this paper, the finite element analysis is used to investigate the lateral torsional buckling behavior of I-beam with and without web opening. The analysis considers a wide range of practical distances between two openings as well as, various shapes and sizes of web opening. Analysis results show that the size of web opening has slightly effect on the buckling moment resistance. Furthermore, five shapes and three sizes of opening with 1.1m section length were used to find the optimum size and shapes of opening. It was concluded that, the optimum size is 0.5D due to the high values of the buckling moment compared with 0.6D and 0.7D. Meanwhile, model 2 is classified as the optimum model because the value of buckling moment is higher than model 1. It was noted that C-hexagon has the highest buckling moment compared to other web opening shapes. Besides that, the differences in buckling moment values decrease when the opening becomes larger in size such as square opening. However, I-beam without web opening has the highest buckling moments resistance compared to C-hexagon.

ABSTRACT

VALIDATION OF MICROSCOPIC DYNAMICS OF GROUPING PEDESTRIANS BEHAVIOR: FROM OBSERVATION TO MODELING AND SIMULATION

Journal: Engineering Heritage Journal (GWK)
Author: Noorhazlinda Abd Rahman, Herni Halim, Hitoshi Gotoh, Eiji Harada

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/gwk.02.2017.15.18

The aim of this paper is to highlight the role of computer-based study in modeling and simulating the dynamical behavior of pedestrians grouping behavior or a phenomenon of pedestrians walk in group due to social ties. For the purpose of modeling and simulation validation, the results of field observations were reported in this paper. The existing simulator, namely Distinct Element Method (DEM)-based Multi-agent model (DEM-based model) was utilized and modified in this study. The modification was made by introducing two new terms of interaction forces which define the grouping behavior. Validation on the modified DEM-based model (DEM-based with grouping behavior model) was performed in two phases; (1) looking for suitable grouping scenarios from the footage of observations conducted; and (2) simulating suitable scenarios in (1). It shows that DEM-based with grouping behavior model can realistically simulate grouping behavior in a crowd.

ABSTRACT

COMPARISON BETWEEN MEASURED TRAFFIC NOISE IN KLANG VALLEY, MALAYSIA AND EXISTING PREDICTION MODELS

Journal: Engineering Heritage Journal (GWK)
Author: Herni Halim, Ramdzani Abdullah, and Mohd. Jailani Mohd Nor, Hamidi Abdul Aziz, Noorhazlinda Abd Rahman

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/gwk.02.2017.10.14

Many road traffic noise models are available around the world. However, these models cannot be simply generalized because local conditions affecting such noise (e.g., vehicle type and weather) vary from one locality to another. Two traffic noise models used in this study are the L10 Calculation of Road Traffic Noise (CRTN) model and Traffic Noise Model of Ontario Ministry of Transportation. Using regression analysis, it was found that the predicted traffic noise levels by the CRTN model gave satisfactory correlation with the measured values (R2 of 0.7109). The Traffic Noise Model Of Ontario Ministry Of Transportation overestimated traffic noise level by 3.46 dB(A) on average. This study proves that the improved Ontario Ministry of Transportation Traffic Noise model is satisfactory in predicting traffic noise in a city with high percentage of motorcycle usage. This study also implies that CRTN model is a valid model in predicting traffic noise levels for a city with high rates of motorcycle use such Klang Valley, Malaysia.

ABSTRACT

INFLUENCE OF SEED LOADS ON START UP OF MODIFIED ANAEROBIC HYBRID BAFFLED (MAHB) REACTOR TREATING RECYCLED PAPER WASTEWATER

Journal: Engineering Heritage Journal (GWK)
Author: Siti Roshayu Hassan, Nastaein Qamaruz Zaman, Irvan Dahlan

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/gwk.02.2017.05.09

The startup and performance of 58 L modified anaerobic hybrid baffled (MAHB) reactor operated under mesophilic conditions (35 ̊C) were investigated. The performance data of MAHB reactor and its influence of seed loads and start up process with regards to chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal by using various seed arrangement are compared. Three different seed loads were evaluated. Similar start up strategies were adopted in all systems, using a constant hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 4 days and influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration of 750 mg/L. This present study was done to compare the result for COD removal, pH, methane concentration, and solid content in terms of volatile suspended solids (VSS) at three different start up. Start up 3 shows better reactor performance with highest COD removal (87%), stable system pH, and higher methane content (>65%). At the end of experiment, methanogen bacteria were observed in the MAHB reactor using autofluorescene microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) identification. Population of most probably Methanosarcina, Methanasaeta and Methanobacterium were present in the MAHB reactor which are responsible to produce methane in the system.

ABSTRACT

ANALYSIS OF PASSENGERS’ ACCESS AND EGRESS CHARACTERISTICS TO THE TRAIN STATION

Journal: Engineering Heritage Journal (GWK)
Author: Nur Sabahiah Abdul Sukor, Nadia Jarani, Siti Fadhlina Muhammad Fisal

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/gwk.02.2017.01.04

Nowadays, the expansions of train networks in Malaysia are dynamically developed. In the future, the railway networks are predicted to give the important role in the development of a sustainable transportation system in this country. Still, Malaysian is facing the challenge to improve the railway networks’ reliability especially that relates with the accessibility to the train stations. Electrified Train Services (ETS) is the first high speed intercity train system in Malaysia. Until the end of 2014, Ipoh is the last stop for Electrified Train Services (ETS) for train that bound for Kuala Lumpur –Ipoh. Due to the increment numbers of the ETS users, the problem of access and egress the station keep on exists. This study is focused on the 1000 ETS passengers’ in order to investigate their mode choice to access and egress the Ipoh Station. From the result, the majority of the users preferred to use private car for access (75.7%) and egress (79.6%) the train station. Taxi was the popular choice for public transportation compare to bus for both access (5.2%) and egress (12%). T-test analysis shows the significant different between the access and egress group in terms of travel distance from the origin location to the train station. This might be influenced by the factor of land use between Ipoh and Kuala Lumpur.

ABSTRACT

Phytoremediation Potential of Palm Oil Mill Effluent by Constructed Wetland Treatment

Journal: Engineering Heritage Journal (GWK)
Author: Siti Kamariah Md Sa’at, Nastaein Qamaruz Zaman

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/gwk.01.2017.49.54

Phytoremediation are emerged technology among the environmentalist as the green technology and environmental friendly approach in the domestic, agricultural and industrial wastewater treatment. This method had shown their potential in reducing organics, solids, nutrients and trace metal concentration. Due to their potential in removing pollutant and improving the water quality, this technology had been used in industrial wastewater and effluent treatment such as aquacultures effluent, leachate and palm oil mill effluent (POME). Various species of aquatic plants such as water hyacinth and water lettuce had been utilized in the phytoremediation treatment and they demonstrate a pollutant removal with higher percentage in the wastewater like POME. Thus, this paper will review the phytoremediation potential of the constructed wetland (CW) treatment systems and their essential component in the POME treatment.

ABSTRACT

Biomass as Packing Material for Biofiltration of Gaseous Streams

Journal: Engineering Heritage Journal (GWK)

Author: Amalina Nabilah Rahmat, Nastaein Qamaruz Zaman and Husnul Azan Tajarudin

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/gwk.01.2017.45.48