Engineering Heritage Journal (GWK)

ABSTRACT

Phytoremediation of suspended solids and turbidity of palm oil mill effluent (POME) by Ipomea aquatica

Journal: Engineering Heritage Journal (GWK)

Author: Hossein Farraji , Nastaein Qamaruz Zaman , Siti Kamariah Md Sa’at, Arezoo Fereidonian

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/gwk.01.2017.36.40

Malaysia produces 60 million tons palm oil mill effluent per year. Treatment methods are unable to pass discharge standards. Phytoremediation as a co-treatment could be used for anaerobically treatedPOME. Direct application of plant species in palm oil mill effluent has not been fully addressed. I. aquatica, illustrated in 28 pots with one liter capacity in 7 series and 4 concentrations of POME. The results of this study indicate that 80 % of suspended solid and 90.4% of turbidity in undiluted POME removed with simple one-week phytoremediation process. Water spinach, which naturally grown around the POME polluted area, is a capable nominate for POME phytoremediation.

ABSTRACT

The Efficiency of Structural Steel Section with Perforated-Corrugated Web Profile Subjected to Shear Loading Condition

Journal: Engineering Heritage Journal (GWK)
Author: Fatimah De’nan, Hazwani Hasan, Choong Kok Keong

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/gwk.01.2017.29.35

Triangular web profile (TriWP) steel section with various combinations of perforation shapes, sizes and layouts of perforation are investigated under shear loading condition. The aim of this study is to determine the structural efficiency based on the ratio of buckling load, Pb to the self-weight of the model. For this purpose, the specimen with three different perforation size between 0.4D to 0.6D, five perforation shapes i.e. circle, square, hexagon, diamond and octagon and three different layouts of perforation, which are Layout 1, Layout 2 and Layout 3 are analyzedby using LUSAS software. It involves two stages of analysis which are Stage 1 and Stage 2. In Stage 1, the most efficient perforation shape, size and layout of perforation is determined based on the highest structural efficiency value. From the result obtained, the TriWP with perforation of diamond in shape and 0.4D in size arranged in Layout 3 shows the highest structural efficiency value i.e. 204.75 produced from the highest buckling load. It shows the lowest percentage difference of efficiency compared to that of TriWP without perforation i.e. 16.39%. It leads to the most efficient perforation shape, size and layout. Then this type of model is analyzed for different section properties and span length to observe the effect performance and its structural behavior under Stage 2. It observed that, shear buckling capacity increase proportional to the web thickness. Meanwhile, when the span length is increase from1 m to 5 m, the shear buckling capacity reduce.

ABSTRACT

Significant Factors of Key Parameters for Low Medium Cost Housing Demand in Malaysia

Journal: Engineering Heritage Journal (GWK)
Author: NY. Zainun, M. S. Abdul Rahman, A. R. Alias, F. E. Mohamed Ghazali

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/gwk.01.2017.25.28

Housing is one of the basic needs for human being. In Malaysia, there are most low cost and low medium cost houses being constructed due to high demand which in line with the fourth strategic objective outlined in the 10th Malaysia plan. The total number of population in Malaysia has increased by 0.17% from 17,563,420 in year 1991 to 27,565,821 in year 2010. Owing to this substantial increased, most of the low-income group cannot afford to own a house. The purpose of this paper is to identify keyparameters of low-medium cost housing demand in Malaysia through questionnaire survey with local experts within the construction industry. Data acquired from the questionnaire survey is analysed using Mean Rank adopted from the Statically Package for Social Science (SPSS). Also the parameters identified are analysed using frequency analysis to determine the frequency and ranking. As a result, eight parameters for medium cost housing demand have been identified rom this study, namely population, economy, household income, ability of buyers, housing prices, politics, land price, and experts from industries. Ranking from experts has indicated that household income as the most prioritised parameter for lost medium cost housing, which are then subsequently followed by population, economy, house price, land price, ability of buyers, experts from industries and politics respectively.

ABSTRACT

Addressing the road safety results impasse through an Outcome-Based Approach in the state of Penang, Malaysia

Journal: Engineering Heritage Journal (GWK)

Author: Nur Sabahiah Abdul Sukor, Ahmad Farhan Mohd Sadullah

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/gwk.01.2017.21.24

Despite the many road safety initiatives introduced in the state of Penang in Malaysia, the results have not been encouraging. This is especially critical when the expectation of the Decade of Action for Road Safety is to halve all road safety performance by the year 2020. The conventional intervention-based approach has been proven to have limited success and potential for the expected more drastic results. A critical analysis on the matter suggested that the passion for road safety results had dwindled as many players approach them as only processes that may not necessarily provide us with aspired road safety outcomes. This paper discusses the development of Road Safety Strategic Plan for Penang State through the outcome based approach. This pioneering effort begins by defining the appropriate goals for 2020 and followed by describing four principal strategic pillars. The pillars are changing attitude, forgiving roads, safer for motorcycles and enabling data and information. Each pillar has its own targeted outcomes, making a total of 28 outcomes identified. The appropriate activities and interventions in order to achieve the outcome were also recommended. The remainder of the paper also discusses the implementation plan suggested to the authorities and decision makers and other players in order to achieve the road safety targeted outcomes. Early results will also be highlighted in the paper.

ABSTRACT

Behaviour of Flush End-Plate Connection for Perforated Section

Journal: Engineering Heritage Journal (GWK)

Author: Fatimah De’nan, Nurfarhah Naaim, Lai Chun Leong

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/gwk.01.2017.11.20

This paper presents the study on the behaviour of the beam to column connection by using flush endplate connection for I-beam steel section with perforation. Moment rotation and failure pattern of flush end plate connection for perforated section were studied. The model was modelled by using LUSAS software and then analysed with nonlinear finite element analysis. Nineteen models were generated for flush end plate connection with perforated beam section consisting of variable parameters such as opening size, distance between the first opening and column face, and spacing between the openings. The moment resistance and rotational stiffness of the connection are found to be reduced by the presence of the openings. The geometric parameter of the openings affected the behaviour of the connections. It is found that the larger the opening size, the lower the strength and rigidity of the connection. Furthermore, it is found that the presence of openings causes increment in the deflection of the beam. However, some perforated sections with optimum geometric parameters for openings have higher strength to weight and rigidity to weight ratio than normal section without perforation. In this study, the most effective geometric parameter for openings are found to be size of 0.65h, distance between the first opening and column face of 800mm and spacing between openings of 1.3h (h is the depth of the beam web).

ABSTRACT

A Study on the Selection of Suitable Sites for Integrated Smart Trapper System Installation (InSmarts)

Journal: Engineering Heritage Journal (GWK)
Author: Mohd Remy Rozainy M.A.Z., Khairi A.W., Ismail Abustan, Siti Syahiirah Rahim, Mohamad Nasran Nasehir Khan, Nasehir Khan E.M Yahaya

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/gwk.01.2017.06.10

Rapid expansion in major towns in Malaysia results in the construction of new drainage system mainly open monsoon or storm drains to cater the increase in surface runoff. This research are to study the suitability of selected sites to implement InSmarts and propose at selected sites based on the optimum results. InSmarts is a floatable trapper that was being synchronized with the effective and bettercommunication tools. This product mainly consists of a fibre reinforced plastic tube that acts as floatable rubbish trapper. Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) was used to get water velocity and river profile at sites. The data was acquired at three different points along the river at each sites to know the best position to implement InSmarts. These tests were done to find out the attributes of different rubbish materials and weights in the flowy medium such as river or drainage. From the test that has been done, the optimum condition to install at sites are the velocities of the river must be around 0.1 m/s to 0.6 m/s and the trapper must be set up at 45° angle to accumulate the trash at one side of the trapper.

ABSTRACT

Comparison Method of Odour Impact Evaluation Using CALPUFF Dispersion Modeling and on-site Odour Monitoring

Journal: Engineering Heritage Journal (GWK)
Author: Nurashikin Yaacof, Nastaein Qamaruzzaman, Yusri Yusup

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/gwk.01.2017.01.05

Until now, the suitable types of odour assessment technology in Malaysia still cannot be found and at the same time, there is no odour regulation concerning the specific odour parameter stated in the Environmental Quality Act 1974. The assessment of odour pollution is still regarded as a difficult task but the development of odour pollution assessment and proper regulatory tools are urgently needed. This paper aim to compare two methods for determining odour concentration which are field inspection and atmospheric dispersion model (CALPUFF). This research goal was to compare both method estimation of odour in quantitatively and qualitatively. The comparison will highlight the strength and weakness of both methods. CALPUFF is an easy method in knowing the whole picture of the dispersion but it is still new in Malaysia, while field inspection takes into account the role of human perception but it need a lot of work to obtain the whole picture of the dispersion. Palm oil mill was chosen as the study site since palm oil mill effluent (POME) release high contribution in emitted unpleasant odour [1]. 18 possible receptors points were chosen which include residential area, institution and also public area. It was found that, both methods show that the odour concentration is higher at the receptor near the source but different in odour concentration values. Both methods have their own advantage and disadvantages and it can be conclude that, both of it provide reasonable estimation of odour nuisance but it also depends on the odour case situation such as the availability of data and the number of odour source where sometimes one of the method is the proper method to be use at that time.